Researchers have found the elevated str♕ess during the COVID-19 pandemic to have impacted the structure, texture and other qualities of placenta, a critical organ that develops during pregnancy to nourish and protect babies, in pregnant women.
Their findings highlighted the underappreciated link between the mental health of pregnant women and the health of their placenta, the researchers from the De𒆙veloping Brain Institute at Children's National Hospital, US, said.
They also said that the long-term neurodevelopmental impact oꦰn their children was under investigation.
Their study is publis𒆙hed in the journal Scientific Reports.
Participants for the study were recruited at Children's𝓡 National as part of a clinical trial aimed at reducing pregnaꦅnt women's elevated stress levels during the pandemic. 165 women pregnant before March 2020 and 63 women who became pregnant during the pandemic were taken on for the study.
Those pregnant during the pandemic were not🔯 knowingly exposed to COVID-19, and they collectively scored significantly higher on questionnaires measuring stress and depression.
"During the pandemic, mothers were exposed to a litany of negative stressors including social distancing, fear of🐬 dying, financial insecurity and more," said Catherine Limperopoulos, chief and director of the Developing Brain Institute, which led the research.
Comparing the magnetic imaging resonance (MRI) data of 𝕴the women who were pregnant before March 2020 to that of those who became pregnant during the pandemic, the scientists found key differences in hওow the placenta grew and developed among women pregnant during the pandemic. Changes in placental development were also found to be associated with the infant's birth weight at delivery.
Importantly, the researchers found these changes to be connected to m⛎aterna🎃l stress and depression symptoms. The findings suggested, they said, that the disturbances measured on placental development in the womb may influence the placenta's ability to support fetal health and wellness.
"We now know that this vital organ was changed for many mothers, and it's essential that we continue to investigate the impact this may have had on children who were bor෴n during this gℱlobal public health crisis," said Limperopoulos.
Previous studies have shown that the placenta adapts to negative changes in the maternal environment and m🌳ental health status, and d🌟isruptions in placental function impact infant brain development and children's neurobehaviour and temperament.
"When identified early, maternal stress is a modifiable risk facto🍌r that can be treated with psychotherapy, social support and other personalised, evidence-based intervent��ions," said Limperopoulos.
"We look forward to continued research in this ar💫ea to better understand the mechanisms behind these biological changes and the needs of mothers and children who are born during pandemics, natural disasters and othe🔴r significantly stressful events," said Limperopoulos.
